Debian 的 source 列表文件的位置变成了：/etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources

替换成阿里云源：

sed -i 's#http://deb.debian.org#http://mirrors.aliyun.com#g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources
sed -i 's#http://security.debian.org#http://mirrors.aliyun.com#g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources

或者

sed -i 's#http://deb.debian.org#http://mirrors.aliyun.com#g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i 's#http://security.debian.org#http://mirrors.aliyun.com#g' /etc/apt/sources.list

替换成清华源

来源：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/debian/

Debian11

sed -i 's#http://deb.debian.org#http://deb.debian.org#' /etc/apt/sources.list

Debian12

Types: deb
URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian
Suites: bookworm bookworm-updates bookworm-backports
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
# Types: deb-src
# URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian
# Suites: bookworm bookworm-updates bookworm-backports
# Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
Types: deb
URIs: https://security.debian.org/debian-security
Suites: bookworm-security
Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

# Types: deb-src
# URIs: https://security.debian.org/debian-security
# Suites: bookworm-security
# Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg

一些镜像源：https://www.osgeo.cn/post/195a2

阿里云镜像

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

腾讯云镜像站

deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

网易镜像站

deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

华为镜像站

deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

清华大学镜像站

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

中科大镜像站

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

---

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/liuguanglin/p/debian11_repo.html

使用下面内容直接替换文件 /etc/apt/sources.list 的所有内容：

阿里源

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib

腾讯源

deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib

网易源

deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib

华为源

deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib

清华源

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free

中科大源

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free

---

修改配置文件 /etc/apt/sources.list 的内容如下：

阿里云

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib

腾讯云

deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib

网易

deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib

华为

deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib

清华大学

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free

中科大

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/liuguanglin/p/debian11_repo.html